ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РОЛЬ ГАНТИМУРА И ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКИХ ЭВЕНКОВ В ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИИ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ К РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

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Варламов Александр Николаевич

Институт гуманитарных исследований и проблем малочисленных народов Севера СО РАН

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Варламова Юлия Александровна

Бурятский государственный университет им. Банзарова

 

Аннотация

Публикация посвящена исторической проблеме пограничных отношений России и Китая в XVII в. и роли эвенкийского этноса в присоединении Забайкалья в состав Российского государства. Целью статьи является попытка выражения объективного научного мнения о роли личности и этнолокальной группы в истории развития отношений России и Китая на примере конных эвенков Забайкалья. В публикации привлекаются результаты научных работ по теме исследования, а также сведения исторических документов и архивных материалов. В результате исследования авторы приходят к выводу о значительном историческом вкладе этнолокальной группы забайкальских эвенков в развитии межгосударственных отношений двух империй, начиная со второй половины XVII в. Данный историко-политический процесс сопровождался интеграцией эвенкийских родов Забайкалья в культурное пространство Российской империи, что во многом способствовало укреплению российского влияния в Забайкалье. Значительная роль в этом процессе принадлежит личности князя Гантимура и его прямых потомков.

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Ключевые слова

История эвенков, история Забайкалья, забайкальские эвенки, князь Гантимур, присоединение Забайкалья к России, российско-китайские отношения.

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THE HISTORICAL ROLE OF GANTIMUR AND THE TRANSBAIKAL EVENKI IN THE ANNEXATION OF TRANSBAIKALIA TO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

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Varlamov Aleksandr Nikolaevich

 

The Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch

 

Varlamova Yuliya Aleksandrovna

Banzarov Buryat State University

 

Abstract

The article is devoted to the historical problem of border relations between Russia and China in the 17th century and the role of the Evenki ethnos in the annexation of Transbaikalia to the Russian Empire. The main objective of the research is to express an objective scientific opinion on the role of the individual and the ethnolocal group in history using the example of the equestrian Evenki of Transbaikalia. The article introduces the reader to the beginning of this complex historical process, the personality of Gantimur, whose historical role has remained underestimated to this day. The article involves the results of scientific work on the research topic, as well as information from historical documents and archival materials. Since the 40s of the 17th century the territories of Transbaikalia and the Amur region, where many peoples lived independently, fall into the zone of close attention of two empires, each of which strives to expand its economic and political influence, subjugating the local population. The initial policy of the two countries is based on bringing peoples under their patronage — the local population is assessed to yasak duty in exchange for military and political protection. The Evenki of the Amur and Transbaikal regions were involved in this historical process, in which each group of Evenki clans had to make its own decision. A significant contribution to the annexation of Transbaikalia to the Russian Empire belongs to a group of equestrian Evenki-Solons under the  leadership of Prince Gantimur, who came under Russian citizenship in 1667, by virtue of which Russia was able to spread its political influence over the territory of Transbaikalia in the basins of the Argun and Onon rivers. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion about the important historical contribution of the ethnolocal group of  the Transbaikal Evenki to  the development of interstate relations between China and Russia in the 17th century. This historical process was accompanied by the integration of the Evenki clans of Transbaikalia into the cultural space of the Russian Empire, starting from the second half of the 17th century, which largely contributed to the increasing of Russian influence in Transbaikalia.

 

Keywords

History of the Evenki, history of Transbaikalia, Transbaikal Evenki, Prince Gantimur, annexation of Transbaikalia to Russia, Russian-Chinese relations in the 17th century.

 

References

1. Artem'ev, A.R. Rossii vernoe sluzhenie. (Rod knyazey Gantimurovykh) [Faithful service to Russia. (Family of princes Gantimurov)] Zabytye imena. Istoriya Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii v litsakh [Forgotten names. The history of the Russian Far East in persons]. Vladivostok, 1994. vol. 1. P. 47–59 [In Russian].

2. Bantysh-Kamenskiy, N.N. Diplomaticheskoe sobranie del mezhdu Rossiyskim i Kitayskim gosudarstvami s 1619 po 1792-y god. [Diplomatic meeting of affairs between the Russian and Chinese states from 1619 to 1792]. Kazan: Imperial University Publ., 1882. vol. XII. 565 p. [In Russian].

3. Vasil'ev, A.P. Zabaykal'skie kazaki: istoricheskiy ocherk: [v 3 t.]. [Transbaikal Cossacks: a historical sketch: [in 3 volumes]]. Chita: Military Economic Board of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Host Publ., 1916. vol. 1. 232 p. [In Russian].

4. Golikov, A. P. O menee izvestnykh etnopoliticheskikh gruppakh v vos'mi znamenakh [About lesser known ethnopolitical groups in eight standards] Izvestiya Vostochnogo instituta [Izvestia of the Eastern Institute]. 2013. vol. 1. P. 69–79. [In Russian].

5. Damdinov, D.G. O predkakh Gantimurovykh (titulovykh knyazey i dvoryan po moskovskomu spisku) [About the ancestors of the Gantimurovs (titular princes and nobles according to the Moscow list)]. UlanUde, 1996. 92 p. [In Russian].

6. Dolgikh, B.O. Rodovoy i plemennoy sostav narodov Sibiri v XVII v. [The clan and tribal composition of the peoples of Siberia in the 17th century]. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1960. 621 p. [In Russian].

7. Dopolneniya k Aktam istoricheskim. T. 3. [Additions to Historical Acts. vol. 3]. SPb: Eduard Praz Publ., 1848. 572 p. [In Russian].

8. Zuev, A.S. O vlastnom statuse tungusskogo knyazya Gantimura [On the imperious status of the Tungus prince Gantimur] Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territoriy [Problems of archeology, ethnography, anthropology of Siberia and adjacent territories]. 2012. vol. 18. P. 346–349. [In Russian].

9. Istoriya Amurskoy oblasti s drevneyshikh vremen do nachala XX veka [History of the Amur Region from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century]. Blagoveshchensk: RIO Publ., 2008. 422 p. [In Russian].

10. Istoriya Sibiri. Ch. II. Period s 1660 g. do votsareniya Imperatritsy Ekateriny Petrovny [History of Siberia. vol. II. The period from 1660 to the accession of Empress Catherine Petrovna]. SPb: Komarov V.V. Publ., 1889. 487 p. [In Russian].

11. Karnovich, E.P. Zamechatel'nye bogatstva chastnykh lits v Rossii [The remarkable wealth of individuals in Russia]. SPb: Plotnikov K.N. Publ., 1874. — 330 p. [In Russian]. 12. Nepomnin, O. V. Istoriya Kitaya: epokha Tsin. XVII — nachalo XX veka [History of China: The Qing Era. XVII — early XX century]. Мoscow: Oriental literature Publ., 2004. 712 p. [In Russian].

13. Parshin, V.P. Poezdka v Zabaykal'skiy kray. Ch. 2: Istoriya goroda Albazina [Trip to the Trans-Baikal Territory. Part 2: History of the city of Albazin]. Мoscow: Nikolay Stepanov Publ., 1844. 208 p. [In Russian].

14. Serebrennikov, I.I. Knyaz' Gantimur: istoricheskiy ocherk [Prince Gantimur: a historical outline]. Shanghai: Far Eastern Times, 1934. 20 p. [In Russian].

15. Solomin, A. V. Knyaz'ya Gantimurovy [Princes Gantimurov]. Мoscow: Staraya Basmannaya Publ., 2013. 268 p. [In Russian].

16. Tugolukov, V.A. Konnye tungusy (etnicheskaya istoriya i etnogenez) [Equestrian Tungus (ethnic history and ethnogenesis)] Etnogenez i etnicheskaya istoriya narodov Severa [Ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the peoples of the North]. Мoscow: Nauka Publ., 1975. P. 78–110. [In Russian].

17. Khronologicheskiy perechen' vazhneyshikh dannykh iz istorii Sibiri: 1032–1882 gg. [Chronological list of the most important data from the history of Siberia: 1032–1882]. Irkutsk: East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society Publ., 1883. 778 p. [In Russian].

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Современники Гражданской войны в России и представители «туманного Альбиона»: характер отношений, отраженный в кинофотодокументах британских интервентов 1918-1919 гг.

 

Воног Евгений Анатольевич

Гуманитарный институт, Сибирский федеральный университет

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Аннотация

Несмотря на поддержку Великобританией российского Белого движения в период таких событий, как интервенция и Гражданская война в России, результативные действия «туманного Альбиона» по отношению к антибольшевистским силам вряд ли можно признать дружескими. Великобритания веками выступала в качестве противника России и лишь в первой половине 20-го века угрозы со стороны кайзеровской, а позднее фашистской Германии подтолкнули Великобританию и Россию к непродолжительным союзническим отношениям. Изучение оценок с позиции Великобритании тех или иных исторических событий нашей страны, и изучение исторического опыта взаимоотношений с этим давним оппонентом России не может не представлять для нас важности и интереса.

В настоящей статье автором предпринята попытка донести характер непростых отношений между современниками Гражданской войны в России и британскими интервентами, опираясь на визуальную историю и такие ее источники, как кинофотодокументы (КФД) британских экспедиционных сил 1918 – 1919 гг.

В целях понимания противоречивости взаимоотношений с британцами - вчерашними союзниками Российской Республики, а ранее Российской империи, автором показаны предпосылки вторжения стран Антанты и изменения стратегии британских политических сил в отношении России.

Исследование выполнено в рамках такой междисциплинарной отрасли науки, как «военная антропология», где в качестве объекта изучения выступает «человек на войне». Представлен не только обзор британских КФД, но и произведена их атрибуция с определением правообладателей, мест и времени кинофотосъемок, с установлением авторов КФД, причастных к созданию визуального образа Гражданской войны в России.

В основе исследования лежит историко-сравнительный метод, который позволил определить отличия российско-британских отношений в период Гражданской войны на всех территориях присутствия британских интервентов – на Севере, Юге и Востоке России.

 

Ключевые слова: Гражданская война в России, британская интервенция в России, «красные», «белые», визуальная история, кинофотодокументы.

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Contemporaries of the Civil War in Russia and Representatives of Albion: the Nature of Relations, Reflected in the Film and Photo Documents of the British Interventionists in the Period 1918-1919

 

Vonog Evgenii Anatoljevich

Institute of Humanities, Siberian Federal University

 

Аbstract

Despite the British support of the Russian White movement during such events as the intervention and the Civil War in Russia, the effective actions of Albion towards the anti-Bolshevik forces can hardly be considered friendly. For centuries, Great Britain acted as an opponent of Russia, and only in the first half of the 20th century because of Kaiser and later fascist Germany threats Great Britain and Russia established short-term allied relations. The study of assessments connected with Great Britain standpoint of certain historical events in our country, as well as the historical experience of relations with this long-standing opponent of Russia made this article topical.

In the article the author attempts to convey the nature of the difficult relationship between the contemporaries of the Russian Civil War and the British interventionists, based on visual history and such sources as film and photo documents of the British Expeditionary Forces in the period of 1918-1919.

In order to understand the contradictory nature of relations with the British, Russian Republic (earlier the Russian Empire) previous allies, the author aims at showing the prerequisites for the invasion of the Entente countries and changes in the strategy of British political forces in relation to Russia.

The study was carried out within the framework of such an interdisciplinary branch of science as «military anthropology», where the object of study is «a man in war». The article presents not only an overview of British film and photo documents, but also their attribution made with the definition of copyright holders, places and time of filming, accompanied with identifying the authors of the film and photo documents involved in creating a visual image of the Civil War in Russia.

The study is based on the historical-comparative method, which made it possible to determine the differences between Russian-British relations during the Civil War in all territories of the presence of British interventionists - in the North, South and East of Russia.

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References

Belgorodskaja, L.V. Smysly i skrytye podteksty vizual'nyh istoricheskih istochnikov (monografija) [Meanings and hidden implications of visual historical sources (monograph)]. Krasnojarsk: Sibirskij federal'nyj universitet [Siberian Federal University], 2019. 168 p. [in Russian].

Denikin, A.I. Ocherki russkoj smuty. Tom chetvertyj. Vooruzhennye sily Juga Rossii [Essays on the Russian time of troubles. Volume four. Armed forces of the South of Russia]. Berlin: Knigoizdatel'stvo «Slovo», 1925. 247 p. [in Russian].

Grazhdanskaja vojna na Severe Rossii glazami britancev. Iz fondov Imperskogo voennogo muzeja (London) [The Civil War in the North of Russia according to view of the British. From the funds of the Imperial War Museum (London)] / [nauch. red.: Nikolaev O.R.]. Sankt-Peterburg: GAMAS, 2008. 175 p. [in Russian].

Grazhdanskaja vojna v Rossii v fotografijah i kinohronike. 1917 – 1922 [The Russian Civil War in photographs and newsreels. 1917 - 1922] / [otv. sost. E.E. Koloskova; sost. Ju.D. Andrejkina, R.G. Gagkuev, A.R. Efimenko, A.A. Litvin]. Moskva: Kuchkovo pole Muzeon, Fond «Svjaz' Jepoh», 2018. 584 p. [in Russian].

Istorija grazhdanskoj vojny v SSSR, 1917 – 1922 [The History of the Civil War in the USSR, 1917 - 1922]: [v 5t.] / In-t marksizma-leninizma pri CK KPSS. Moskva: Gospolitizdat, 1935 – 1960. – 30 sm. T.3: Uprochenie Sovetskoj vlasti. Nachalo inostrannoj voennoj intervencii i grazhdanskoj vojny [nojabr' 1917 g. – mart 1919 g.] / [red. komis.: S.F. Najda i dr.], 1958. 678 p. [in Russian].

Magidov, V.M. Kinofotofonodokumenty v kontekste istoricheskogo znanija [Film-photo-phono-documents in the context of historical knowledge]. Moskva: Rossijsk. gos. gumanit. un-t, 2005. 394 p. [in Russian].

Marushevskij, V.V. God na Severe. Zapiski komandujushhego vojskami Severnoj oblasti [One year spent in the North. Notes of the commander of the Northern region troops]. Moskva: Veche, 2019. – 288 p. [in Russian].

Revoljucija i Grazhdanskaja vojna v Rossii. 1917-1922 gg.: fotoal'bom [Revolution and Civil War in Russia. 1917-1922: photo album] / nauch. red. R.G. Gagkuev; sost. R.G. Gagkuev, V.Zh. Cvetkov, pri uchastii V.P. Dolmatova, A.A. Ivanova, N.A. Kuznecova, A.D. Stepanova, D.I. Stogova, V.G. Chicherjukina-Mejngardta; hudozhestvennoe oformlenie I.R. Javorskij; dizajn perepleta Ju.V. Hristich. Moskva: Izdatel'skij dom «Dostoinstvo», 2016. 384 p. [in Russian].

Repnikov, A. Rec. na: Grazhdanskaja vojna v Rossii v fotografijah i kinohronike. 1917 – 1922: al'bom. M.: Kuchkovo pole, Muzeon, Fond «Svjaz' jepoh», 2018. 584 p., il. [Review of: The Russian Civil War in photographs and newsreels. 1917 - 1922: album] // Rossijskaja istorija [Russian history], 2020, № 1, pp. 221-224. [in Russian].

Rossija v jepohu revoljucij i Grazhdanskoj vojny. 1917 – 1922 [Russia in the period of revolutions and the Civil War. 1917 - 1922] / [otv. sost. A.A. Litvin; sost. Ju.D. Andrejkina, E.E. Koloskova]. Moskva: Fond «Russkie Vitjazi», 2018. 464 p. [in Russian].

Saharov, K.V. Belaja Sibir'. Cheshskoe predatel'stvo [White Siberia. Czech betrayal]. Moskva: Veche, 2018. – 464 p. [in Russian].

Senjavskaja, E.S. Istorija vojn Rossii XX veka v chelovecheskom izmerenii [Tekst] : problemy voenno-istoricheskoj antropologii i psihologii : kurs lekcij : dlja studentov i magistrantov, obuchajushhihsja po napravleniju «Istorija» [The history of wars in Russia in the XX century in the human dimension [Text]: problems of military-historical anthropology and psychology: a course of lectures: for students and graduates studying in the profile of «History»]. Moskva: Rossijskij gos. gumanitarnyj un-t [Russian State University for the Humanities], 2012. 331 p. [in Russian].

Suhanovskij, A.F. Dvinskoe stojanie HMS Pegasus [Dvinsk standing HMS Pegasus] // Pomorskaja stolica: obshhestvenno-politicheskij zhurnal [Pomeranian capital: socio-political journal], 2020, №8, pp. 67-73. [in Russian].

Vonog, E.A. Vklad amerikanskih i britanskih jekspedicionnyh sil v formirovanie vizual'nogo obraza Grazhdanskoj vojny v Rossii [Contribution of American and British expeditionary forces to the visual image of the Civil War in Russia] // Severnye Arhivy i Jekspedicii [Northern Archives and Expeditions], 2020, T. 4, № 2, pp. 31-40. [in Russian].

Ward, J. Britanskaja voennaja jekspedicija v Sibir'. Vospominanija komandira batal'ona «Nesgibaemyh», otpravlennogo v podderzhku Kolchaka. 1918-1919 [With the «Die-hards» in Siberia] / Per. s angl. L.A. Igorevskogo. Moskva: ZAO Centrpoligraf, 2020. 255 p. [in Russian].

Williamson, H. Proshhanie s Donom. Grazhdanskaja vojna v Rossii v dnevnikah britanskogo oficera. 1918 – 1920 [Farewell to the Don]. Moskva: Centrpoligraf, 2007. 302 p. [in Russian].

Zhumenko, V.V. Belaja Armija: fotoportrety russkih oficerov, 1917 – 1922 [The White Army: portraits of Russian officers, 1917 - 1922]: [al'bom]. Parizh: YMCA press, 2007. 560 p. [in Russian].

Bakarica (1919 god) [Bakaritsa (1919)]. Livejournal. Available at: https://vaga-land.livejournal.com/245919.html (accessed 30.03.2021). [In Russian].

British Forces In Peril [Main Title]. Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060008248 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

Collection: Ellis Charles Howard (Colonel). Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205220940 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

Collection: Wickham Charles (Sir). Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205756068 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

Picture Post. Wikipedia. Available at: https://wiki2.org/en/Picture_Post#Hulton_Press_Library (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

The World’s Greatest Story – Episode 10 [Main Title]. Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060008246 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

The World’s Greatest Story – Episode 11 [Main Title]. Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060008247 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

With General Ironside's Forces in North Russia [Main Title]. Imperial War Museum. Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060023282 (accessed 30.03.2021). [In English].

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Спортивные соревнования в Кемеровской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны

 

Новосельцев Николай Рзавич

ФГАОУ ВО «Сибирский федеральный университет»

Карелин Антон Сергеевич

ГБПОУ «Кузбасский медицинский колледж»

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Аннотация

В данной статье рассматривается соревновательная деятельность в Кемеровской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Показаны особенности проведения соревнований в военное время, направления соревновательной деятельности по видам спорта. Отмечена динамика развития и количества спортивных соревнований в городах и районах области.

Кроме этого, обосновывается актуальность исследования, приводится краткий историографический обзор.

Анализ литературы по физической культуре и спорту в годы войны показал, что тема малоизучена вообще, а на территории Кемеровской области в частности. Количество работ, которые анализируют общее состояние футбола на территории региона, крайне мало.

В работе в основном использовались материалы государственных архивов Кемеровской области и Новосибирской области.

 Автор приходит к выводу, что несмотря на войну спортивные соревнования активно проходили и спортсмены являлись потенциальном резервом для фронта.

Ключевые слова: спортивные соревнования, виды спорта, комитет по физической культуре, молодежь, Кемеровская область.

 

Sports competitions in the Kemerovo region during the Great War II

 

Nikolay Rzavich Novoseltsev 

 FSAEIHE "Siberian Federal University"

Anton Sergeevich Karelin 

GBPOU "Kuzbass Medical College"

Abstract

This article examines the competitive activity in the Kemerovo region during the Great Patriotic War. The features of holding competitions in wartime, directions of competitive activity in sports are shown. The dynamics of the development and the number of sports competitions in the cities and districts of the region are noted.

In addition, the relevance of the study is substantiated, a brief historiographic review is provided.

An analysis of the literature on physical culture and sports during the war years showed that the topic is poorly studied in general, and in the territory of the Kemerovo region in particular. The number of works that analyze the general state of football in the region is extremely small.

The work mainly used materials from the state archives of the Kemerovo region and the Novosibirsk region.

 The author comes to the conclusion that despite the war, sports competitions were actively held and athletes were a potential reserve for the front.

Keywords: sports competitions, sports, committee for physical culture, youth, Kemerovo region.

 

References

 

1. GAKO. F. P-126: Kemerovskij obkom VLKSM [Kemerovo Regional Committee of the Komsomol] – Op. 1. D. 22. [in Russian]

2. GAKO. F. R-411: Kemerovskij oblastnoj komitet po delam FK i S pri oblispolkome [Kemerovo regional committee for FC and S affairs at the regional executive committee] – Op.1. D1. [in Russian]

3. GAKO. F. P-75: Kemerovskij obkom KPSS. Voennyj otdel [Kemerovo Regional Committee of the CPSU. Military department]. Op.2.D.96. [in Russian]

4. GANO. F. P-190: Novosibirskij oblastnoj komitet VLKSM [Novosibirsk Regional Committee of the Komsomol]. – Op. 2. D. 853. [in Russian]

5. Zhidkova T.N., Sinicyna O.V. Sport na sluzhbe Otchestva v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny [Sport in the service of the patronymic during the Great Patriotic War] // Problemy razvitija fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta v novom tysjacheletii: Materialy Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf., posvjashhennoj 65-letiju Pobedy v Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojne, 19-20 maja 2010 g., Kemerovo, 2010. – S.8-13. [in Russian]

6. Zhidkova T.N. Sport – jeto zhizn', celaja zhizn'… istoriko-biograficheskij sbornik [Sport is life, a whole life ... a historical and biographical collection].  – Kemerovo, 2014. – 85s. [in Russian]

7. Leuhova M.G. Stranicy istorii fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta Rossii (1920 – 1940-e gg.) [Pages of the history of physical culture and sports in Russia (1920s - 1940s)] // Problemy razvitija fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta v novom tysjacheletii: materialy 9-j Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 24-25 maja 2011, g. Kemerovo / otv. red. L.P. Saltymakova. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2011 — S.47-50. [in Russian]

8. Sarycheva T.V. Sovetskaja sistema fizicheskoj kul'tury kak sociokul'turnyj fenomen XX veka(na primere Zapadnoj Sibiri, 1920-1991 gg.) [The Soviet system of physical culture as a socio-cultural phenomenon of the XX century (on the example of Western Siberia, 1920-1991)] – Tomsk, 2019. – 696s. [in Russian]

9. Trofimova A.S. Osobennosti fizkul'turno-sportivnoj raboty v Kuzbasse v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny [Features of physical culture and sports work in Kuzbass during the Great Patriotic War] // Problemy razvitija fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta v novom tysjacheletii: materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, posvjashhennoj 65-letiju Pobedy v VOV, 19-20 maja 2010, g. Kemerovo / otv. red. L.P. Saltymakova. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2010 – S.17-21. [in Russian]

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Главные военные советники СССР в Китае в годы Японо-китайской войны  

 

Суржко Антон Валерьевич

Федулов Александр Игоревич

 Сибирский федеральный университет

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Аннотация:

Статья посвящена деятельности главных военных советников вооруженных сил СССР в Китае в годы Японо-китайской войны. Анализируется роль, которую вооруженные силы СССР сыграли в защите независимости Китайской Республики в годы Японо-китайской войны (1937–1945). Советский Союз в течение всего периода своего существования оказывал военную помощь дружественным и союзным государствам, решая, в том числе и свои военно-стратегические задачи. Поставляя вооружения и боеприпасы в Китай, а также оказывая помощь по линии военных советников, СССР стремился связать руки японским вооруженным силам и не позволить им продвинуться вглубь Китайской Республики. Это была основная задача, которая стояла перед аппаратом советских военных советников в Китае. В случае неосуществления этих планов Японии удалось бы получить плацдарм для нанесения удара по советским стратегическим военно-промышленным районам Сибири и Урала. Советские военачальники, занимавшие пост главного военного советника, получили в Китае серьезный опыт ведения современной войны, который пригодился им в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Всего за период с 1937 по 1942 гг. (до отзыва военных советников из Китая) сменилось пять главных военных советников – М.И. Дратвин,             А.И. Черепанов, А.А. Власов, К.М. Качанов и В.И. Чуйков. Научная значимость данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней предпринимается попытка отобразить индивидуальный вклад главных военных советников в развитие военной ситуации в указанный период. В основе исследования – мемуары участников событий, а также опубликованные документальные комплексы.

Ключевые слова: СССР, Китайская Республика, Японо-китайская война, главные военные советники, Красная армия.  

 

Chief military advisers of the USSR in China during the Sino-Japanese War

 

Anton Valerievich Surzhko

Alexander Igorevich Fedulov 

Siberian Federal University

 

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the activities of the main military advisers of the armed forces of the USSR in China during the Sino-Japanese War. The role that the armed forces of the USSR played in protecting the independence of the Republic of China during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) is analyzed. During the entire period of its existence, the Soviet Union rendered military assistance to friendly and allied states, solving, among other things, its military-strategic tasks. By supplying arms and ammunition to China, as well as providing assistance through military advisers, the USSR sought to tie the hands of the Japanese armed forces and prevent them from advancing deeper into the Republic of China. This was the main task facing the apparatus of Soviet military advisers in China. If these plans were not implemented, Japan would have been able to obtain a foothold for striking the Soviet strategic military-industrial regions of Siberia and the Urals. Soviet military leaders who held the post of chief military adviser received serious experience in modern warfare in China, which was useful to them during the Great Patriotic War. In total for the period from 1937 to 1942. (before the withdrawal of military advisers from China), five main military advisers were replaced - M.I. Dratvin, A.I. Cherepanov, A.A. Vlasov, K.M. Kachanov and V.I. Chuikov. The scientific significance of this article lies in the fact that it attempts to reflect the individual contribution of the chief military advisers to the development of the military situation during the specified period. The study is based on memoirs of participants in the events, as well as published documentary complexes.

Keywords: USSR, Republic of China, Sino-Japanese War, chief military advisers, V.I. Chuikov.

 

References

 

Alekseev M.A., Kolpakidi A.I., Kochik V.Ja. Jenciklopedija voennoj razvedki: 1918-1945 gg. [Encyclopedia of Military Intelligence: 1918–1945]. M.: Kuchkovo pole, 2012. 976 s. [In Russian].

Velikaja Otechestvennaja vojna 1941-1945 godov. T. 6 [The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. V. 6]. M.: Kuchkovo pole, 2013. 863 s. [In Russian].

Istorija Vtoroj mirovoj vojny, 1939-1945. T. 2 [History of the Second World War, 1939–1945. V. 2]. M.: Voenizdat, 1973. 474 s. [In Russian].

Istorija diplomatii. T. 4 [History of diplomacy. V. 4]. M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury, 1975. 752 s. [In Russian].

Kaljagin A.Ja. Po neznakomym dorogam: zapiski voennogo sovetnika v Kitae [On unfamiliar roads: notes of a military adviser in China]. M.: Glavnaja redakcija vostochnoj literatury izdatel'stva «Nacka», 1979. 445 s. [In Russian].

Katusev A.F., Oppokov V.G. Dvizhenie, kotorogo ne bylo, ili Istorija vlasovskogo predatel'stva [The movement, which was not, or the history of Vlasov's betrayal] // Voenno-istoricheskij zhurnal [Military history journal]. 1991. №4. S. 18-28 [In Russian]..

Klaving V.V. Japonija v vojne [Japan in the war]. M.: AST, 2004. 477 s. [In Russian].

Lota V.I. Za gran'ju vozmozhnogo: voennaja razvedka Rossii na Dal'nem Vostoke 1918-1945 gg. [Beyond the Possible: Military Intelligence of Russia in the Far East 1918–1945]. M.: Kuchkovo pole, 2008. 656 s. [In Russian].

Okorokov A.V. V bojah za podnebesnuju. Russkij sled v Kitae [In the battles for China. Russian footprint in China]. M.: Veche, 2013. 336 s. [In Russian].

Pal'chikov P.A. Dva lika generala Vlasova [Two faces of General Vlasov] // Zhurnal russkoj kul'tury [Journal of Russian Culture]. 2007. №5. S. 144-186 [In Russian]..

Pan Taj, Sun' Imin. Kitajskaja istoriografija o voprosah pomoshhi SSSR Kitaju v antijaponskoj vojne: sostojanie izuchennosti i ee nedostatochnost' [Chinese historiography on the issues of Soviet assistance to China in the anti-Japanese war: the state of study and its insufficiency] // Materialy IX mezhdunarodnoj prakticheskoj konferencii «Rossija i Kitaja: istorija i perspektivy sotrudnichestva», 2019. S. 137-144 [In Russian]..

Russkij arhiv: Velikaja Otechestvennaja vojna. T. 18 (7-1) [Russian archive: World War II. V. 18 (7-1)]. M.: Terra, 2000. 440 s. [In Russian].

Russko-kitajskie otnoshenija v XX v. T. 4. Kn. 1 [Russian-Chinese relations in the XX century]. M.: Pamjatniki istoricheskoj mysli, 2000. 685 s. [In Russian].

Sotnikova I.N. Pomoshh' SSSR Kitaju v antijaponskoj vojne [Soviet assistance to China in the anti-Japanese war] // Problemy Dal'nego Vostoka [Problems of the Far East]. 2011. №3. S. 123-133 [In Russian]..

Czjan Chzhunchzhjen (Chan Kajshi). Sovetskaja Rossija v Kitae. Vospominanija i razmyshlenija v 70 let [Soviet Russia in China. Memoirs and Reflections at 70]. M.: Posev, 2009. 440 s. [In Russian].

Cherepanov A.I. Pole ratnoe moe [My military field]. M.: Voenizdat, 1984. 304 s.

Chudodeev Ju.V. Na zemle i v nebe Kitaja [On earth and in the sky of China]. M.: Institut vostokovedenija RAN, 2011. 224 s. [In Russian].

Chujkov V.I. Missija v Kitae [Mission in china]. M.: Voenizdat, 1983. 252 s. [In Russian].

Chujkov V.I. Ot Pekina do Berlina, 1927-1945 [From Beijing to Berlin, 1927-1945]. M.: Jeksmo, 2015. 832 s. [In Russian].

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Сходство и различие мировоззрения юных и молодых: динамика установок по отношению к семье, межэтническим бракам, русской национальной самоидентификации

 

Лурье Светлана Владимировна

Социологический институт РАН

 филиал Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра РАН, Санкт-Петербург

 

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Аннотация. В статье рассматривается динамика ряда ценностных доминант современных молодых людей разных возрастов. Среди них основные мировоззренческие парадигмы, семейные и национальные ценности – то, что составляет эксплицитную ценностную систему человека. Но кроме того мы пытались понять имплицитные ценности через восприятие человеком родной природы, допустимости этнически смешанного брака, национальной самоидентификации, в том числе, соотношения себя с русским народом потомков от смешенного брака. Задачей исследования является выявление тех моментов в мировоззрении молодежи, в которых наиболее явно идет трансформация в сторону постмодернизма, причем не на словах, а на глубинном уровне.

 

Ключевые слова: молодежь, национальная самоидентификация, поколения, семья, религия, межэтнический брак, потомки от межэтнических браков, постмодернизм, трансгуманизм.

 

 

 

The Similarity and Difference in the Worldview of Youths and Older Young Men. The dynamics of sets towards the family, interethnic marriages,

Russian national self-identification.

 

Svetlana Vladimirovna Lourié 

Sociological Institute, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg

 

 

Abstract. The article examines the dynamics of a number of value dominants of contemporary young people of different ages. Among them are the main worldview paradigms, family and national values, what constitutes the implicit value system of a person. In addition, we tried to understand implicit values through a person's perception of his native nature, the permissibility of ethnically mixed marriage, national self-identification, including the ratio of descendants from a mixed marriage with the Russian people. The objective of the study is to identify those moments in the worldview of young people in which the transformation towards postmodernism is most clearly taking place, and not in words, but at a deep level.

 

Key words: youth, national self-identification, generations, family, religion, interethnic marriage, descendants from interethnic marriages, postmodernism, transhumanism.

 

 

[1]Работа выполнена по государственному заданию (тема «Демографическое и социальное воспроизводство российской семьи и благополучие детей: публичное и приватное измерения», № государственной регистрации AAAA-A17-117030110147-4).

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References

 

1. Bristow, J. The Sociology of Generations: New Directions and Challenges. London: Springer, 2016. 125 p.

2. Cole, A., Marcum, B. Generation Z: Facts and Fictions. In T. Napier (Ed.), Not Just Where To Click: Teaching Students How To Think About Information. Chicago, IL: American Libraries Association, 2015. Pp. 107-137.

3. Combi, Ch. Generation Z. Their Voices, Their Lives. Hutchinson, London: Pengvin Random House, UK, 2015. 320 p.

4. Dev, K. Youth and moral values in a changing society. // International Journal of Advanced Research and Development. 2017 July, Volume 2; Issue 4; Pp. 164-167.

5. Dolot, А. Generation Z characteristic. // Electronic mentor. Warsaw School of Economics, Foundation for the Promotion and Accreditation of Economics. 2018. Issue No. 2. Рр. 44–50.

6. Hope, J. Prepare your campus for Generation Z. // Student affairs today. 2016 October, Volume 19, Issue 7. Pp. 1-7.

7. Iorgulescu, M.C. Generation Z and his Perception of Work. // Intercultural Management Journal. 2016. Issue No. 01. Pp. 47–54.

8. Korkmazer, B., De Ridder, S., Van Bauwel, S. Youth, Moral Values and Digital Media. ECQI Conference, Leuven, 07.02.2018 – 09.02.2028. 

9. Padilla, J., McHale, S.M, Rovine, M.J.  Parent–Youth Differences in Familism Values from Adolescence into Young Adulthood: Developmental Course and Links with Parent–Youth Conflict. // Journal of Youth and Adolescence,2016 December, Volume 45, Issue 12. Pp. 2417–2430.

10. Seemiller, C., Grace, M. Generation Z Goes to College. Published by Jossey-Bass, 2016. 286 p.

11. Shamis, E., Nikonov, E. Teoriya pokolenij: strategiya Bebi-bumerov. [The Theory of Generations: The Baby Boomer Strategy.] Moskva: Universitet «Sinergiya», 2017. 256 s.

12. Shamis, E., Nikonov, E. Teoriya pokolenij. Neoby`knovenny`j Iks. [The Theory of Generations. Extraordinary X.] Moskva: Universitet «Sinergiya», 2016. 140 s.

13. Singh, A.P., Dangmei J. Understanding the Generation Z: the Future Workforce. // South -Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (SAJMS) 2016. Volume 3, Issue 3. Pp. 45–51.

14. White, J.E. Meet generation Z. Understanding and reaching the new post-christian world. Baker Books, 2018. 33 p.

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Досоветские города-сады: первые стратегические социальные проекты Кузбасса, их культурный феномен и стилеобразующая роль в культуре

 

Паничкина Елена Васильевна,

Кемеровский государственный институт культуры

 

 

 

Abstract:

This article analyzes such a cultural and historical phenomenon of Kuzbass as the simultaneous implementation of three projects of garden cities: Kemerovo, Kuznetsk and Shushtalep, as well as their predecessor Kolchugino by the first industrial giant in Kuzbass - AO Kopikuz in 1912-1918.

Author investigates the emergence, application and decline or evolution of this originally utopian urban planning concept.

Author reveals the completeness of the study of history, architecture, urban planning role and influence of the concept of a garden city in Kemerovo. It is well shown against the extreme superficiality of the study of this phenomenon in Novokuznetsk and the indifference of the scientific and cultural community to this bright phenomenon of the history of the city. The author proves the almost complete oblivion of the failed garden city of Shushtalep and ignoring the amazing and long-lasting effect that this concept has left in the cities of Osinniki and Kaltan.

The author proves the continuation of the concept of a garden city for a long time after the revolution and a direct connection ща the continued existence of the architectural style of rational modern (art nuovo) with the concept of garden cities.

Keywords: garden city, urban planning, social project, utopian project, forming of urban environment, rational modern (art nuovo) style.

 

 

Pre-Soviet garden cities as first strategic social projects in Kuzbass and their cultural phenomena and style creation role in a culture

Elena Vasilievna Panichkina, 

Kemerovo State Institute of Culture

 

 

Аннотация:

 В настоящей статье анализируется такой культурно-исторический феномен Кузбасса, как одновременная реализация первым в Кузбассе промышленным гигантом – АО Копикуз в 1912-1918 годах сразу трёх проектов городов-садов: Кемерово, Кузнецка и Шушталепа, а также их предшественника Кольчугино.

Исследованы возникновение, применения и упадок либо эволюция этой изначально-утопической градостроительной концепции.

Выявлены полнота и даже беспробельность исследования истории, архитектуры, градостроительной роли и влияния концепции города-сада в Кемерово на фоне крайней поверхностности исследования этого феномена в Новокузнецке и безразличия научной и культурной общественности города к этому яркому явлению истории города и почти полного забвения так и не состоявшегося города-сада Шушталепа, игнорирования того удивительного и долгоиграющего «шлейфа», который оставила эта концепция в городах Осинники и Калтан.

Автор доказывает продолжение существования концепции города-сада длительное время после революции и прямую связь с ней продолжившего своё существование архитектурного стиля рационального модерна.

Ключевые слова: город-сад, градостроительство, социальные проекты, утопические проекты, формирование городской среды, стиль рациональный модерн

 

References

Barabanov Yu. V., Kulemzin A.nM., Chistyakova L. V. Pamyatniki truda Kemerovskoj oblasti [Monuments of labor of the Kemerovo region]. Vypusk 3. Kemerovo, 1995. 100 p. [in Russian].

Blaginyh E.A. Arhitekturno-gradostroitel'noe nasledie Kemerovskoj oblasti: XVII - pervaya polovina XX vv. [Architectural and urban planning heritage of the Kemerovo region: XVII - first half of XX centuries]: Diss. kand. arhitektury 18.00.01 / Blaginyh Elena Anatol'evna, Novosibirsk, 2006. 194 p. [In Russian].

Vol'skaya L.N. Gradostroitel'noe nasledie Sibiri [Urban planning heritage of Siberia]: Uchebnoe posobie. Novosibirsk: NGAHA, 1996/ 100 p. [in Russian].

Vol'skaya L.N. Arhitekturno-gradostroitel'noe nasledie Sibiri i osnovy ego sohraneniya pri rekonstrukcii [Architectural and urban planning heritage of Siberia and the basics of its preservation during reconstruction] (avtoreferat na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora arhitektory). Moskva, 1997. 42 p.

Gorbachev V. T. Osobennosti razvitiya arhitektury gorodov Sibiri vo 2-oj pol. XIX nach. XX v. [Features of the development of the architecture of cities in Siberia in the 2nd half. XIX early. XX century]. Novosibirsk, 1983. [In Russian].

Gradov G.A. Gorod i byt: perspektivy razvitiya sistemy i tipov obshchestvennyh zdanij. [City and way of life: prospects for the development of the system and types of public buildings].   Moskva: Strojizdat, 1968. 272 p. [in Russian].

Zhurin N.P. Gradostroitel'stvo v Sibiri vtor. pol. XIX nach. XX vekov [Urban planning in Siberia sec. part of XIX - early XX centuries]: Uchebnoe posobie. Novosibirsk: NGAHA, 2000. 100 p. [in Russian].

Zaharova, I.V. Kemerovo: gorod-sad – socgorod — gorod-ansambl'. Gradostroitel'stvo i arhitektura 1910-1950-h godov [Kemerovo: garden city - socialist city - ensemble city]. Kemerovo, 2020. 200 p. [In Russian].

Kajmashnikova E.B. Istoriya stanovleniya i razvitiya ugol'no-metallurgicheskih gorodov Kuzbassa v 20-e seredine 80-h godov XX veka [The history of the formation and development of the coal and metallurgical cities of Kuzbass in the 20s and mid 80s of the XX century] Dissertaciya, special'nost' 07.00.02 — Otechestvennaya istoriya. Kemerovo, 2004. 200 p. [In Russian].

Milyutin N. Problemy gradostroitel'stva socialisticheskih gorodov. Osnovnye voprosy racional'noj planirovki i stroitel'stva naselennyh mest SSSR [Problems of urban planning of socialist cities. Basic issues of rational planning and construction of populated areas of the USSR].  Moskva, Leningrad, 1930. 200 p. [in Russian].

Ogly, B.I. Stroitel'stvo gorodov Sibiri [Construction of cities in Siberia]. Leningrad.: Strojizdat, Leningradskoe otdelenie, 1980. 272 p. [In Russian].

Ogly, B.I. Formirovanie centrov krupnyh gorodov Sibiri: gradostroitel'nye i social'no-kul'turnye aspekty [Shaping of large Siberia downtowns: urban planning and social issues]. Novosibirsk: Izdatel'stvo Novosibirskogo universiteta. 168 p. 1999. [In Russian].

Svetlichniy B.E, Gabelko N.K. Stalinsk. [Stalinsk].  Moskva: Gos. izd. po stroitel'stvu i arhitekture, 1954. 100 p. [in Russian].

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Социокультурные трансформации энецкой этнокультурной группы

 

Филько Антонина Игоревна

Сибирский федеральный университет

Хребтов Михаил Яковлевич

Сибирский федеральный университет

КрасГМУ имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого

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Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности социокультурных трансформаций дисперсно проживающих этнических групп относительно коренных малочисленных народов Севера на примере энецев, не имеющих письменности для родного языка. Обобщаются отечественные исследования в данной области, приводится модель социокультрной трансформации энецкой этнокультурной группы на основе линейной модели культурных процессов «премодерн – модерн – постмодерн».

В результате представлено современное состояние энецкой культуры, в рамках которого выделяется особый феномен «воображаемой бесписьменности».

 

Ключевые слова: социокультурные трансформации, этнические группы, энцы, бесписьменные культуры

Научная специальность: 24.00.01 – Теория и история культуры (культурология)

 

Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-39–90015

 

 

 

Socio-cultural transformations of the Entsy ethnocultural group

 

Antonina Igorevna Filko

Siberian Federal University

Mikhail Yakovlevich Khrebtov 

Siberian Federal University

KrasSMU named after professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky

 

 

Аbstract

This article examines the features of socio-cultural transformations of dispersed ethnic groups relative to the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North using the example of the Eenets, who do not have a written language for their native language. Works of the national researchers of this area are generalized, a model of socio-cultural transformation of the Enets ethnocultural group is presented on the basis of a linear model of cultural processes “premodern - modern – postmodern”.

As a result, the present state of the Enets’ culture is presented, within the framework of which a special phenomenon of “imaginary non-writing” is distinguished.

 

Keywords: sociocultural transformations, ethnic groups, enets, non-literate cultures

 

Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-39-90015

 

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