Как создавалась письменность
для бесписьменных культур
(обзор научных исследований)

Ситникова Александра Александровна
Сибирский федеральный университет

Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены зарубежные научные практики по созданию орфографий для бесписьменных
языков с целью поиска качественного и эффективного алгоритма для утверждения и развития энецкой
письменности. В обзоре современных зарубежных исследований доминирует анализ научных публикаций,
выпущенных учеными SIL international – наиболее опытной и авторитетной организации в этой области.
В первой части статьи представлено описание признанного наиболее перспективным в начале XXI века
алгоритма по созданию письменностей для языков коренных народов – выделены этапы, принципы и науч-
ные установки, перечислены лингвистические и нелингвистические вызовы, возникающие при разработке
письменности. Во второй части статьи рассмотрены конкретные случаи: а) успешного создания письмен-
ности учеными SIL для мексиканских языков, в частности, для микстекского языка; б) безуспешной на се-
годняшний день попытки создания письменности для народа дарма, проживающего на территории Непала
на границе с Индией. По итогам сделаны выводы о том, какие современные методики в области создания
орфографий, могут быть использованы для создания письменности энецкого языка.

Ключевые слова: орфография для бесписьменных языков, бесписьменные языки, кейс-стади создания письменности в XXI веке, энецкий/энский язык

https://doi.org/10.31804/2542-1816-2018-2-3-63-75

Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Экспертного центра «Проектный офис разви-
тия Арктики» (ПОРА) грантового проекта «Создание энцкой (энецкой) письменности как способа сохране-
ния уникального культурного наследия коренных малочисленных народов Севера».

 

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How Writing Systems for Cultures Having
No Written Language Were Invented
(a review of scientific researches)

Sitnikova Alexandra Alexandrovna
Siberian Federal University

Abstract

The article deals with foreign scientific practices on the creation of orthographies for oral languages in order to
find a qualitative and efficient algorithm for the approval and development of the Enets writing system. A review of
modern foreign researches shows that analysis of scientific publications issued by scientists from SIL International,
the most experienced and authoritative organization in this field, prevails. The first part of the article contains 

description of an algorithm for the creation of writing systems of indigenous languages recognized as the most
perspective one in the beginning of XXI century: stages, principles and scientific attitudes are distinguished, and
linguistic and nonlinguistic challenges emerging in the process of writing system development are listed. The
second part of the article deals with specific cases: a) of successful creation of a writing system by SIL scientists
for Mexican languages, namely, for the Miksteka language; b) of still unsuccessful attempt on the creation of
a writing system for the darma people living in the territory of Nepal on the border with India. Based on the results,
conclusions on modern methods in the field of orthography creation that can be used to create a writing language
for the Enets language were made.
Key words: orthography for oral languages, oral languages, case study on the creation of a writing system in
XXI century, the Enets/Ents language

The research is carried out with financial support from the Expert Center «Project Office for Arctic Development»
(PORA) of the grant project «Creation of the Ents (Enets) Writing System as a Means of Preservation of Unique
Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Minorities of the North».

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